Electrical apparatus



Au 16, 1932. H. J. DICK ELECTRICAL APPARATUS Filed May 30, 1929 1o E 1 v '2 7 131 3'4 Patented Aug. I6, 1932 v UNITED STATES.

PATENT OFFICE A HERMAN J. DICK, OF DAYTON, OHIO, .ASSIGNOR TO DELCO-LIGHT COMPANY, OFDAYTON, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE ELECTRICAL APPARATUS Application filed May 30;

The present invention relates to electrical generating systems.

One of the objects of the present invention is to provide an improved electrical generating system including electrical apparatus and a storage battery, which system will start automatically in response to a demand for current by a work circuit, but in which the work circuit will not be supplied operating current until the system has become self-operative.

A further object is to provide an electrical generating system for supplying current to translating devices each requiring relatively large amounts of current and to other translating devices requiring relatively small amounts of current, and in which the system will be rendered automatically operative by a demand for current by the large translating devices and may be rendered automatically operative by a demand for current by the relatively small translating devices when such demand is of a predetermined value;

but in which the relatively large translating devices will not be supplied operating current until the system becomes self-operative.

In carrying out this idea of the invention it is a further object to provide a work circuit containing relatively large translating de vices, and a second work circuit containing relatively small translating devices, and to arrange both work circuits in such a manner that a demand for current by the relatively large translating devices or a demand for cur-v rgnt of a predetermined value by the relatively. small translating devices will energize a current coil common to both work circuits for rendering the system automatically operative to supply operating current to the demanding circuit or circuits; and to provide means for preventing the fiow of operating current to the first mentioned work circuit until the system becomes self-operative,

L5 said means being adapted to allow sufficient current to pass to the current coil for causing the system to be rendered operative.

Further objects and advantages of the pres ent invention will be apparent from the fol- L0 lowing description, reference being had to ferred form of the 1929. Serial No. 367,166.

the sake of illustration, as an internal com bustion engine having a shaft 21 which drives the electrical apparatus or dynamo 22 having main brushes 23 and 24 connected to the armature of the dynamo, and having a starting series field winding 25 and a shunt field winding 26. V

The ignition apparatus comprises an ignition coil primary 30, an ignition timer 31 and an ignition coil secondary 32which is connected to an engine spark plug 33.

A choke 38 for forming a proper mixture of gasoline and air for starting the prime mover, and a throttle 39 for regulating the speed of the prime mover, are adapted to be actuated by the controls 40 and 41 respectively.

The dynamo 22 functions as a motor or as a generator, and is adapted to rotate the shaft 21 of the prime mover 20, when acting as a starting motor, receiving current from a storage battery 45. During the starting of the prime mover 20, the current through the series winding 25 and the shunt winding 26 is cumulative to produce a suflicient starting torque for cranking the prime mover.

When the load demand on a work circuit 48 is less than a predetermined value, the

storage battery 45 is adapted to supply such demand. The current to the work circuit 48 will flow from the battery 45 through the following circuit: battery 45, wire 50, wire 51,

wire 52, winding 53 of control 41, wire 55,

contacts 57 and 58, service main 59, translating device 60, servicev main 61, current coil 62 of a starting switch relay 63, wire 65 and wire 66 to the other side of the battery.

A low voltage cut-out 70 is adapted to separate contacts 57 and 58 when the voltage of the battery is abnormally low. The low voltage cut-out 70 includes a pivoted armature 71 which carries the contact 58, and a by the work circuit 18 in excess Of ZL'pTGdQ- termined value for example seven amperes, the ampere turns of the current coil 62 efthe' starting switch relay 63 is sufficient to lift the armature upwardly to engage a contact'76 with a contact 77. The closing ot' contacts 7 6 and 77 allows currentjto flow from V the battery 15 through the ignition and various other circuits necessary for rendering the prime mover 20 automatically operative to drive the dynamo22 to supply current to the work circuit 48 and battery The circuit from the battery 45 to the ignition is as follows battery 15, wire 50, wire 80, blade 81,bi-met allic thermostatic blade 82, wire 83, contacts 77 and 76, wire 85, 'tion coil primary 30, timer 81, wire 87, wire 88, wire 89, series winding oi a reverse current relay 91 and wire 66 to the other side of the battery. The closing of contacts 76 and 77 also allows current to flow from the battery 45 to a magnet coil 92 of a starting switch 93. The starting switch 93 includes the coil 92 and ahpivoted armature 94; which carries a contact 95. The energizing of the coil 92 will cause the armature 9 1 to be drawn upwardly to engage contact 95 with a contact 96. The circuit from the battery 15 through the coil 92 is as follows: battery 415., wire 50, wire 80, blades 81 and 82, wire 83, contacts 77 and 76, wire 85, wire 98, magnet coil 92, wire99, wire 89, winding 90, and-wire 66 to the other side of the battery.

The closing of contacts 95 and 96 of the starting switch 93 establishes a cranking circuit between the battery and the dynamo which is as follows battery 15, wire 50, winding 100 of the control 10, wire 101, series winding 25 of dynamo 22, wire 102, dynamo 2-2, wire 103,. contacts 96 and 95, wire 89, series' winding 90 of reverse current relay 91 and wire sew the other side of the battery.

The current flowing through the series winding 90 of the reverse current relay 91 during cranking is adapted to magnetize the frame of relay 91 including side plates or pole pieces and 106 whereby said plates 105an'd 106 will be, for example, north and south poles respectively. The relay 91 also includes a rocking armature 108 having a shunt winding 109, which winding is connected across the battery -15. The circuit from the'battery 45 to the shunt winding 109 is as follows: battery 45, wire 50, wire 80, blades 81 and 82, wire 88, wire 111, shunt winding 109, wire 112, contacts 96 and 95,

wire 89, series winding 90 and wire 66 to the,

- shown it being resiliently held in such position by a spring (not shown). VJ hen the current fiowsthrough the series winding 90 during cranking, like poles of the relay frame of 'arrnature will'repel to'fu'rther assist in maina rocking armature 108 in the positicn shown,whereby contact engages con tact 121. V

The engagementof contacts 120 and 121 allows currentv to flow from the battery through the following circuit when contacts '56 and 77 of relay 63 are closed: battery 415, wirelil), wire 80, blades 81 and 82, wire 83, contacts and 76, wire125, plat-es 10d of relay.c9'.i contacts 120 and 121, wire 126, wire 12?, shunt winding 128 oi the starting switch relay 63, then back tothe oppositeside of the battery through thewinding 62 and wires 65 and 66; also current from wire 126 flows through wire 129 to pre-heater 130 grounded at 13.1, the circuit being completed through the ground 182, wire 133, wire 88,

wire 89, winding 90 and wire 66; and current 7 also flows from wire 126 througha heating. coil of a cranking cut-out 186, wires 137 and 138, wire 89, winding 90 and wire 66 to theo'ther side of-thebattery. The pre-heater 130 is adapted to heat the starting fuel mix: ture for the prime 1nover20, During. crank-- ing operation the current flows through the shunt windingl28 of relay, 63 to cooperate 71th the current coil'62to insure maintaining.

of contact between contacts 76 and 7?.

The flow or" current through the magnet coil 100 ofthe choke control 4:0 tends to raise the control plunger v14%0 upwardly which plunger carries the choke 38. Theupward movement of the plunger 140'will cause the cho-ke 38 tov shutoff the air passage 141, thus decreasing the quantity of air and consequently allowing a greater volume of gasoline. to pass through a pipe-1 18 and into the carburetor to thus provide a relatively rich start A h The control 10 is adapted to function for a ingfuel mixture for the prime moverf short. intervahnaniely, only when a heavy demand for current is made on the battery 45 during cranking which heavy demand is present for short intervalw Thuswhenrthere is a predetermined demand by the work circuitjl8 tl e prime mover 20 Wlll be started by supplying ignition thereto and crank by the starting series fieldyw1nd1ng 26 in con unction with, the shunt field w1nd1 ng26 of the ,dynamo v22.

The starting being aided by enriching the fuel mixture and heating such mixture.

If the prime mover 20 should not start within a certain length of time, abnormal discharge ofthe battery is prevented by the cranking cut-out 136 which includes the blade 81 and bi-metallic thermostatic blade 82 and the heating coil 135. The blade 81 is fixed at 145 and has a non-conducting block 146 secured thereto. The blade 81 is urged downwardly by a spring 147 to engage a flanged end 148 of the bi-metallic thermostatic blade 82, said blade being fixed at 149. The thermostatic blade 82 is in heat receiving relation to the heating coil 135. While the prime mover is cranking current'is passing through this heating coil as previously described. If the cranking of the prime mover should continue for an abnormal pe riod, for example, one to two minutes, the thermostatic blade 82 will be heated sufficient to cause it to bow to the right, as viewed in the drawing, until the flanged end 148 moves to the right far enough to break its engagement with the blade 81 and is then retained in a shoulder 150 of the non-conducting block 146 by the downward movement of the blade 81. The separation of blades 81 and 82 will interrupt the flow of current to the ignition, shunt 128 of relay 63, shunt winding 109 of reverse current relay 91, heating coil 135 of the cranking cutout 136, the fuel pre-heating coil 130 and the coil 92 of starting switch 93. When coil 92 is deenergized the armature 94 will descend by gravity to separate contact 95 from contact 96, thus the starting circuit will be interrupted.

During normal operation, when the prime mover becomes self-operative and attains a certain speed the dynamo will function as a differentially wound generator the current flowing from the dynamo to the battery over the cranking circuit. The current flowing through the series winding 90 of the reverse current relay 91 will be reversed from that during cranking, since this winding is in series with the dynamo 22 and battery 45 and in series with the work circuit 48. This causes a reversal of magnetism in the relay side plates 105 and 106, and consequently the like pole of the armature side plates 115 and 116 will be moved away from the like pole of the relay side plates causing the armature 108 to pivot and to separate contact 120 from contact 121 and cause contact 155 to engage a contact 156. Thus the flow of current through the pre-heater 130, heating coil 135 and winding 128 of relay 63 will be interrupted, the contacts 76 and 77 of relay 63 then being controlled entirely by the winding 62.

The closing of contacts 155 and 156allows current to flow from the dynamo 22 to a magnet coil 160 of a series shorting switch 161. The switch 161 also includes armature 162 through the series field of coil 85.

which carries a contact 163. The energizing of coil 160 will draw the armature 162 up wire 83, contacts 77 and 76, wire 125, side plates 106, contacts 155 and 156, wire 165, magnet coil 160, wire 138, contacts95 and 96, wire 103 to the other side of the -dynamo.

The closing of contacts 163 and164 allows current to flow from the brush 24 of the dynamo 22 throughthe wire 167, contacts 163 and 164, wire 168, and Wire 51 which joins with wire 50 and thus short-circuits the series field 25 of the dynamo 22 and the choke coil 100 of the control 40 since the circuit just described offers less resistance than the circuit The dynamo 22 then functions as a shunt wound generator and supplies current 'to the translating device 60 in the work circuit 48 and supplies charging current to the battery 45. The flow ofcurrent from the dynamo 22 through the work circuit is as follows: dynamo 22, wire 167, contact'163 and 164, wire 168, wire- 52, magnet coil 53 of the throttle control 41, wire 55, contacts 57 and 58, service main 59, translating device 60, service main 61, current coil 62 of relay 63, wire 65, wire 66,

series winding 90, wire 89, contacts and 96 and wire 103. The flow of current from the dynamo 22 through the battery charging circuit is as follows: dynamo 22, wire 167, contacts 163 and 164, wire 168, wire 51, wire 50,

battery 45, wire 66, series winding 90, wire 89, contacts 95 and 96 and wire 103.

When the dynamo 22 is operative to supply current to the battery 45 and work circuit 48, the control 41 functions to regulate the speed of the prime mover 20 to drive the dynamo 22 to supply current in accordance with the demand for current by the work circuit 48. The control 41 includes the winding 53, a plunger 170, operatively connected with the throttle 39, a spring 171 interposed between the control housing 172 and the plunger 170 and a weight 173. Current flowing through the winding 53 tends to draw the plunger upwardly to open the throttle, while the spring 171 tends to oppose the winding 53 to move the plunger 170 downwardly to close the throttle. As the current through the winding 53 increases the ampere turns are thereby increased, consequently the magnetic effect of the winding 53 will be increased suiiiciently to move the plunger 170 upwardly to open the throttle to such an extent as will be necessary to accelerate the prime mover 20 to drive the dynamo 22 to supply current in accordance to the demand by the work circuit. As the flow of current through the winding '53 is decreased the opposing force of the spring 171 will be sufficient to move the plunger 170 downwardly to close thethrottle proportion-- adapted to slightly over-balance the weight of the-plunger and hold the same in contact withthespring 171 when the winding '53 is deenergized. By this arrangement the plunger; will be moved upwardly or downwardly ;by asteady movement depending uponthe-increase or decrease of current in the;winding,58 Since the winding 53 is disposed in the supply circuit to the service mains, the speed of the prime mover will be controlled in accordance to the demand by the work circuit. v

When it is desired to supply a charging current to the battery 15 and there is no load demand; by the work circuit 48 for rendering the prime mover automatically operative, an actuating and-locking device may be manually operated to engage contact 76 with contact 77 to com lete the necess'ar electricalcircuits for starting the prime mover. The locking device 17 5v includes the plunger 176, cross-rod 177 which is pivoted at 178, said crossrodhav-ing an arm 179 secured thereto and. a locking clasp 180. movement of the arm 179 will cause the plunger 176 to urge the armature 7 5 upwardly to engage contact 76 with contact 77. The looking clasp-J80 is adapted to receive the arm 179 to hold the device in position to prevent contact 76 from becoming separated from contact -7 7.

This invention further contemplates controlling the supply of current by the dynamo to a second work circuit containing an apparatus which requires a relatively large amount of current such as a motor which drives automatic machinery and which is started and stopped automatically. An electrical motor 1.89, is shown adapted for driving a refrigerator compressor or the like and is controlled by a switch 190. The switch includes a bellows 191 having a pipe 192 .-W-l11Cl1 may be connected to any desirable part of the refrigerating system. As the pressure within the system builds up the bellows 191 will actuate a rod 198 to engage a contact 194 with a-conta-ct 195. For thesake of illustration, Iliave shown a pressure responsive switch, however, it is to be understood that any switch whether automatically operated or manually operated may be used.

Thee-losing of contacts 194 and will complete a circuit between the motor 189 contained in the work circuit 185 and the battery4l5 for rendering the prime mover automatically operative. The circuit from thebatteryxlfi through the work circuit 185 is: as followsz-battery 15, wire 50, wire 51, wire 52, magnet coil 58, wire 55, contacts 57 and, 58, service -main 59 of work circuit lS, servicemain 197 including contacts 19% and 195,,motor 189,service main 198, resistance 199,3 service main 61 of. work circuit. 48, our- The downward 4 rent coil 62 of relay 63and wires 65 and 66*.

to the negative side of the battery The re- 1' -sistance 199 is-a-dapted to allow only. asmall amount, of current to pass therethrough,for v 76 and 77 for causing the prime mover to be rendered. automatically operative as previ A ously described.

As the system becomes self-operative and the rocking armature 108 of reverse current relay 91 assumes the position whereby contact 155 engages contact 156 as previously described, current will flow from the dynamo to a magnet coil 200 of a relay 201. The

circuit from thedynamo 22 through the mag net coil 200' is as follows: the circuit to contacts 155 and 156 same as previously described,-,-trom contact 156 to wire 165,wire

203, magnet coil 200, wire 20%, service main 61, current coil 62, wire 65, wire 66, series winding 90, wire 89, contacts- 95 and 96 and wire 103 to negative side of the generator. lie energizing of magnet coil 200 will cause he upward movement of an armature 205 to engage a contact 206 with a contact 207;

The closing of contacts 206 and 207 will short-circuit the resistance 199 and allow the dynamo 22 to supply operating current-to the motor 189 containedin thework circuit 185. The flow of current from the dynamo 22 through the work circuit 185 is as follows: dynamo 22, wire 167, contacts 163 and 164, wire 168,'wire 52, magnetic coil 53, Wire 55, contacts 57 and 58, service main 59, service main 197 including contacts 194 and .195, motor 189, service main 198, contacts 207 and 206, wire-210, wire20 i, service main 61, current coil 62, wire 65, wire 66, series winding90, wire 8-9, contacts 95 and 96,'andwire 103 to the other side of the dynamo.

From the foregoing it will be noted that I have provided an electrical generating system adaptedfor supplying current to t-rans lating devices each requiring relatively large amounts of current and to other translating devices requiring small amounts of current, andin which the system will be rendered automatically operative by a demand for current by the relatively large translating devices and may be rendered automatically operative by a demand for current by the relatively small translating devices when such demand is of a predetermined value;v

but in which the relatively large translating device will not be supplied operating current until the system becomes, self-operative. In carrying out this idea I have provided a work circuit containing relatively large I translating devices, and a second work cir-- cuit containing relatively small translating devices, and have'arranged both work circuits' in such amannerthat a demandl'foric current by the relatively large translating device or a demand for current of a predetermined value by the relatively small trans lating devices will energize a current coil common to both work circuits for rendering the system automatically operative to supply current to the demanding circuit or circuits. I have also provided the resistance 199 in series with the work circuit containing the-relatively large translating devices for withholding operating current to said circuit and have arranged for rendering said resistance infiective after the system becomes self-operative.

By withholding operating current from the relatively large translating devices until the system becomes self-operative there is an advantage, in that, a demand for current by the relatively large translating device, and a demand for current due to the starting operation of the system cannot be applied simultaneously upon the battery, thereby preventing a heavy discharge of the battery. Also it is an advantage in cases where there is a demand for current by a relatively large translating device and a demand for current by numerous relatively small translating devices together with the demand for current due to the starting operation of the system. In such a case if it were not for the fact that operating current was being withheld from the relatively large translating devices there would be a heavy discharge of the battery, and in the event the voltage of the battery is below a certain value the system may not be rendered operative due to such heavy demand.

While the form of embodiment of the invention as herein disclosed, constitutes a preferred form, it is to be understood that other forms might be adopted, all coming within the scope of the claims which follow.

What is claimed is as follows:

1. An electrical generating system comprising in combination an external work circuit, a source of current arranged for supplying current to said work circuit upon a demand for current by said circuit, a second source of current adapted for supplying current to the work circuit, means in said work circuit for withholding the fiow of operating current to said circuit when said circuit is being supplied with current by said first named source of current, means responsive to a demand for current by said work circuit for causing said second source to supply the demand and means energized only by said second source for completing a short circuit around said first named means for permitting said second source of current to supply operating current to said work circuit.

2. An electrical generating system comprising in combination an external work circuit, a storage battery arranged for supplying current to said work circuit upon a demand for current by said circuit, a translating device contained in said Work circuit which operates at a voltage substantially that of the battery, electrical apparatus adapted to supply current to said work circuit, means in said circuit for withholding the flow of operating current to said work circuit when said circuit is being supplied with current by said battery, means responsive to a demand for current by said work circuit for causing said electrical apparatus to supply the demand, and means energized only by said electrical apparatus for completing a short circuit around said first named means for permitting said electrical apparatus to supply operating current to said work circuit.

In testimony whereof I hereto afiix my signature.

HERMAN J. DICK. 

